User stories are reminders of features, not full specifications. Avoid recording every detail up front because details change. We’ll capture the details later, when they matter.

When a story reads like a contract, it stops being a conversation. When it reads like a reminder, it invites one.

Follow the acronym “INVEST” as a quick check.

  • I.NDEPENDENT
  • N.EGOTIABLE
  • V.ALUABLE
  • E.STIMATABLE
  • S.MALL
  • T.ESTABLE

VALUABLE

User story’s first job is to be valuable to the business.

Refactoring, architecture, and code cleanup are important, but they are not stories. A true story delivers measurable business value and usually slices vertically through the system: a bit of GUI, some middleware, and database work.

Keep stories thin and outcome-focused so stakeholders can compare them.

These kinds of stories make planning clearer, negotiation more productive, and every iteration pumps real value.

Discussions for your team

  • Do we have backlog items that are actually maintenance, but labeled as stories?
  • Do our stories slice vertically or are they layer-bound tasks?
  • Can we split our stories even smaller, valuable slices?